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Prophets or
Evolution - An LDS Perspective Chapter 23 The
Pre-Liver On the Complexity of
Organs To get a
better perspective of the complexity of DNA, and the problems the theory of
evolution faces because of the complexity of DNA, let us consider a hypothetical
situation. Suppose
that several close relatives of a certain scientist died due to a disease
called cirrhosis of the liver. It is a
disease common among heavy drinkers of alcoholic beverages. Drinking large amounts of alcohol can destroy
the liver because the liver is overburdened with processing and filtering out
the toxins from the alcohol. The toxins
are mainly mycotoxins, which are the waste products of microbes, such as yeast. Alcohol is largely made of mycotoxins. Suppose this
scientist discovers exactly which toxins cause cirrhosis of the liver. Further suppose this scientist decides to
design a new organ for the body that is specifically designed to safely filter out
these toxins before they get to the liver. The new
organ will be called the "pre-liver." The Next Generation The first
problem is that the scientist can't help his living relatives. He can only help the "next generation"
of relatives who have not yet been conceived. You might
wonder why he can't help his existing relatives. The reason
is that a new organ of the body requires massive changes to the circulatory
system, nervous system, brain signals, lymph system, etc. You
cannot make these changes to a living person. The bodies of living people have already had
their body manufactured by their DNA; thus changing their DNA will not help
them. The design of their body was
controlled during the morphing of their
embryo. The
generation of the scientist was born without a pre-liver, because the morphing
of their embryo did not create it. The
sequence to create a pre-liver for the next
generation is this: First, the
instructions for creating the new organ (i.e. the pre-liver) must be made to
the DNA of living people, a male and a female.
Actually the changes must be made to their germ cells, which combine to
create a fertilized egg. Second,
this couple must mate so that their modified DNA exists in a newly fertilized
egg. Third,
during the morphing of the embryo, all of the new instructions in DNA are
followed and the new organ can be made, the new circulatory system can be made,
the new nervous system can be made, the new programming in the brain can be
made, etc. Fourth,
when the new baby is born, after the morphing of the embryo, the new baby will
have the new pre-liver and all of the other changes necessary for the new pre-liver
to function. Thus, when
the scientist designs the DNA to build this new pre-liver, the DNA changes he
makes must be made to the egg of a living
woman and the sperm of a living man so that the fertilized egg they
create will contain the proper DNA to create the pre-liver, and many other new
things, during the morphing of the embryo. All organs
are made during the morphing of the embryo.
Thus, a new organ can
only be made during the morphing of the embryo.
That is why he cannot help his existing relatives. And the
only place the morphing of the embryo algorithm in DNA can be changed, to
create the new pre-liver, is in the male DNA and female DNA of an existing
species. Of course their DNA also has to
be changed for the new gene complexes, etc., necessary to create the new types
of cells, new biological structure, etc., of the new pre-liver. A Problem for the Theory
of Evolution What has
been said so far presents a major, major problem for the theory of evolution. What all of
this means is that for a proposed new species to have a better organ, for
example, massive changes must be made
to the morphing of the embryo algorithm of a male and female of their parent species!! Thus, when
"evolution" gets ready to create a new organ or new critical system,
such as the semi-circular canals of a species which wants to convert from
walking on four legs to walking on two legs, the only way on the planet Earth to create this new organ or new
system is to redesign the morphing of
the embryo algorithm in both a male and female. Only then can these systems show up in a new
species. Of course,
other changes must be made to the DNA, such as genes, which are needed for the
proteins, the rest of the gene complexes, etc., but the morphing of the embryo
is where a massive amount of intelligence is needed to create the new organ. The
morphing of the embryo algorithm, which is what controls the morphing of the
embryo, is the only possible place that the new organ can be created!! And the changes must occur in the germ cells
of a male and female of the parent species.
If the changes occur in the non-germ cells, the changes will not appear
in the new species. Not only is
the morphing of the embryo algorithms the most complex computer program on the
planet earth, but it is the most vulnerable to the slightest errors. There is zero margin of error in the
nucleotides which control the morphing of the embryo. This
concept alone totally obliterates the theory of evolution. But let us
get back to our scientist who is trying to build the pre-liver. Back to the Scientist This
scientist not only has to design hundreds of new proteins for the new types of
cells in the pre-liver, he must also design changes to the circulatory system,
the nervous system, the brain programming, the lymph system, the biological
structure (i.e. the way the physical parts of the body are linked together),
etc. And all of this must be built into
the morphing of the embryo algorithm in the DNA of both the male and female. This new
organ will be designed to allow the next
generation of his relatives to drink large volumes of alcohol, without
worrying about getting cirrhoses of the liver.
(Of course, a logical person would conclude it would be much simpler for
him to convince his relatives to quit drinking.) Obviously,
this new organ must be a small chemical factory that will safely rid the body
of dangerous mycotoxins before they get to the liver. Thus, this new organ will have to be placed
in the body (during the morphing of the embryo) where it can filter out the
toxins that are killing his relatives, before
the toxins get to the liver. That is why
it is called a “pre-liver;” it processes chemicals out of the bloodstream before
they can get to the liver. Furthermore,
let us assume the “pre-liver” is to be placed right next to the liver in such a
way that the toxins are filtered out just before they get to the liver. Organs are composed
of cells (some of which may be unique types of cells for that organ and that
species) and the rest of the biological structure of the organ (which includes
minerals and a lot of other things). Because
all of this is designed by the DNA, and built during the morphing of the
embryo, his first problem is redesigning human DNA. He has to
redesign the DNA to create hundreds of new proteins, needed by the pre-liver,
new types of cells needed in the pre-liver, new biological structure, changes
to the circulatory system, changes to the nervous system and brain to control
the pre-liver and fix small damage to the pre-liver, etc. And above all, the morphing of the embryo
algorithms must be able to integrate all of these changes to DNA at just the
right time and in just the right places. The changes
must be made in both the male and female and they must mate. Do you see
the absurdity of scientists who claim that the morphing of the embryo
algorithms are "simple" and only consist of a few nucleotides??!! In fact, it
is highly likely that much of the morphing of the embryo algorithms are in the
gene complexes. For example, people with
vastly different shaped noses have exactly the same DNA, except in their gene
complexes. Thus, at least part of the
morphing of the embryo algorithms must be in the gene complexes. This makes the gene complexes more sensitive
to design flaws than people may think. This means
that parts of the morphing of the embryo algorithms are scattered throughout
the DNA. This makes it difficult to
track down all the nucleotides involved in the morphing of the embryo and it
makes the accuracy of the DNA even more important (i.e. there is not as much
"flexibility" in nucleotide sequences as some might think). A thinking
person would totally dismiss the theory of evolution simply based on the complexity
of DNA and how critical pieces of DNA, which share a common function, are
scattered throughout the DNA. DNA has to
be designed by beings (or a Being) far, far more intelligent than we
humans. Yet as this complexity is
unraveled the theory of evolution always gets the credit. Let's get
back to the scientist. So how
would this scientist go about re-designing a person’s DNA so the new DNA will
create not only the liver, but also the pre-liver? Let's go
into this in more detail. More Details First, he
must figure out which proteins are needed to make the pre-liver so that the new
types of cells in the new pre-liver can become miniature chemical factories. The new cells in the pre-liver must filter
out the dangerous toxins. This scientist
will quickly find out he needs to design many very complex three-dimensional
proteins (which are not already made by the body) to perform the task of
filtering out mycotoxins and other toxins before they get to the liver. These very
complex three-dimensional proteins must not only fold in such a way that they
will fit together, but the right amino acids must be in the right places so the
proteins will bind together to create the three-dimensional proteins. Of course, a
great amount of signaling will be needed to control the order and timing of
when new proteins will be made from the DNA.
This includes new types of signaling proteins which will be inside the
new types of cells. These proteins in
the new types of cells also need to be placed into the right location, at the
right time, so the protein structures can be built. Of course,
if there are any new proteins needed by the pre-liver, there must be new genes
placed in the DNA. He must design these
genes so that each gene creates an average of 10 proteins and the gene knows
exactly which of the proteins to make at just the right time (this means he
will have to design highly sophisticated introns on the DNA). But the exons must be ordered so that sequential subsets of the exons can
create the 10 new proteins (this is more complex than it sounds). Also, new types
of cells, not already in the body, must be designed which will capture the
dangerous mycotoxins and other toxins and pull them into the new types of cells
so the proteins and other chemicals inside the new types of cells can
neutralize them. Thus, new types of
receptors, and perhaps cell membrane ports, need to be designed. Thus, let
us say he must design 6 new types of cells with special carbohydrates and/or
enzymes on their surface which will grab the various types of toxins and allow
the cells to pull them in through protein ports built into the bilipid cell
walls. Plus other
enzymes and carbohydrates must also be part of the biological structure so that
cells can stick together to create biological structure with other organs. This means
changes to the external enzymes and carbohydrates of other parts of the body (such as the liver) must also be
changed so the liver can bind to the new pre-liver. Thus he must change the design of many parts of
the body which are not part of the pre-liver itself. In other words, an enormous amount of changes
to cells which are not part of the
pre-liver must be modified. All
of these changes must be designed into the morphing of the embryo algorithm in the
DNA. During the
morphing of the embryo, at some point, the first of each type of new cell must
be a converted from an undifferentiated cell.
The scientist has to figure out when the first new instance of each new
type of cell will be created and how it will be created from an
undifferentiated cell. He must also
figure out how many of each new type of cell will need to be made, and where
they are to be placed in the biological structure of the pre-liver. He must
figure out a way for nutrients and liquids to get inside of the new types of
cells. Thus, he must change the morphing
of the embryo so the circulatory system feeds the new types of cells. Certain chemicals must also get inside the
new types of cells to neutralize the mycotoxins. They must come from the mother. All chemicals needed for the embryo must come
from the mother. Of course,
once these various types of toxins are neutralized there must be a way to get
the neutralized toxins out of the cell and then out of the body. There must be protein ports in the cells that
allow the neutralized toxins to be placed into the veins and/or lymph system. Let us
suppose he decides that the new pre-liver will need 400 new kinds of proteins,
not currently existing in the human body; to facilitate the mechanisms of the 6
new kinds of cells, currently found nowhere in the body. What must
he do next? Suppose
these new gene complexes (which will create the 400 new proteins) have an
average length of 20,000 nucleotides (i.e. nucleotide pairs). Because there are 40 new genes (to create the
400 new proteins), he needs to design 800,000 additional nucleotide pairs in a
human DNA. It will take him a long time
to design these very complex gene complexes which are needed to create very
complex 3-dimensional proteins that fit together, bind together and filter out
mycotoxins. These
proteins need to have specific shapes and special amino acids in exact
locations (as part of each protein) so the proteins can bind together. The binding of proteins to create protein structures
is caused by specific types of amino acids, being in the right place in the
structure (relative to the folding), so that the proteins will fit together and
bind together to make a strong protein structure. As if that
weren't enough, the real problems now begin for this scientist. Suppose he
designs the 40 new gene complexes. Where
is he going to place them on the human DNA?
To understand this problem, suppose you had an encyclopedia of 5,000
pages and you want to add 40 new articles to this encyclopedia. It is easy for you to figure out where to put
them in an encyclopedia, but it is not as easy to decide where to put 40 new
gene complexes on DNA. The human
DNA is 3 billion nucleotide pairs long; where is he going to put the new gene complexes? Does it matter? Does the order of the gene complexes matter? No one knows, but most likely it will matter
a great deal!! How about redesigning
key sections of non-gene nucleotides; the so-called "junk DNA?" Does that matter? It matters a great deal since there is no
known section of DNA which is actually "junk." But this is
just the beginning of his problems. How
is the DNA going to create the 6 new types of cells? As an embryo is forming, at what point are
these new types of cells produced, and how are they produced? He will have to adjust the DNA (the morphing
of the embryo algorithms) so that it knows how to make these 6 new types of
cells and be able to create them at just the right time and be able to link
them together and place them in just the right place in the body (i.e. the
biological structure). For
example, if the morphing of the embryo algorithm was not designed correctly,
then the formation of the embryo would not be just right, and the 6 new types
of cells may end up being scattered among the fingers of the person, or the
brain, or the toes of the person. In
other words, the new cells would be worthless. How is he
going to make sure they are placed in exactly the right places, at the right
times, so the pre-liver is fully functional and sitting next to the liver by
the time the morphing of the embryo is finished? How will he
get chemicals from the mother's body into the morphing baby at just the right
time and in just the right places? How
will chemicals not in the body of the mother, but needed for the pre-liver, be
created? How will
the DNA execute putting together the biological structure of the adjacent
organs and other tissue during the morphing of the embryo? The cells not only have to be in the right
place at the right time, but they must be designed to form new biological
structures with the pre-liver. Remember
that the arteries and veins must be redesigned to get blood to and from every cell
of the new pre-liver and the other organs or systems which need to be modified. How is he going to manipulate the DNA so that
arteries, veins, nerves, lymph fluid, etc. are correctly attached to the cells
of the pre-liver such that all of the cells in the pre-liver are able to
function? All this must be done in the
DNA of the parents of the first child to have the pre-liver. To
accomplish these things, new arteries, new veins, new lymph channels, new
nerves (which must be connected to the spinal cord and then up to the brain),
etc. will all be required. These all
have to be programmed into the DNA morphing algorithm. Furthermore,
the immune system must recognize these 6 new types of cells as friendly cells,
so the immune system does not attack and kill the new types of cells. This, by itself, is a very complex process. Also, he must
reprogram the brain so that it knows the pre-liver is there, and he must
reprogram the brain so that it can issue the correct nerve impulses in the
correct sequence for the new pre-liver to operate and so the pre-liver
structure can repair minor damage. The
brain must also send the right signals to the nerves to get rid of the waste
products left over after the pre-liver processes the toxins. In
addition, when the DNA is changed significantly, it should also be remembered
that every cell in the body (almost) contains exactly the same DNA. Thus, every existing type of cell in the body
will have the new DNA segments and must be able to adjust to "find"
the right gene complexes and other segments of DNA that they need. This must be taken into account. Solving all
of these problems, and many others, with today’s technology, would be thousands
of times worse than having a first grade class try to build a space shuttle. In fact,
the morphing of the embryo algorithm is clearly his most difficult challenge. But, the reprogramming of the brain to
accomplish the new and changed tasks of the brain is also an impossible task
with today's technology. The
technology does not exist so that we humans can intelligently redesign a human
DNA to create the pre-liver. It would
involve designing new genes and new proteins, designing new types of cells, and
above all redesigning the morphing of the embryo program, etc. to place the
pre-liver in exactly the right position in the body, complete with arteries,
veins, lymph, immune system, nervous system, new biological structure, etc.
etc. But that is
not the end of his problems. Understanding the
Generations Suppose
this person did solve all of these problems.
He would have to put this new DNA in both a woman and a man, so that
their offspring could have this new organ.
Remember, it is only during the morphing of the embryo that a new type
of organ can be built. Adding
these 40 new gene complexes by modifying the DNA; would mean there was a new
human genome, meaning a new human species.
The children and descendants of
this man and woman could only mate with each other (i.e. their own brothers
and sisters at first). What if this
couple only had one child? Or what if
they had three children, but all of them were males? If they had
at least one male and one female these two people could mate and create a new
child with the new pre-liver. What if
these two people didn't like each other (brothers and sisters frequently don't
get along even when they are adults)? The descendants
of the first two people to have the pre-liver could never breed (i.e. marry)
with regular humans (that's the rest of us) due to the massive differences in
their DNA. They could physically mate,
but their children would likely be sterile.
But even if they were not sterile they would be really messed up in
terms of their DNA. But suppose
in 200 years there were thousands of this new species (i.e. a new species of
humans), which are all pure descendents of the first two humans with a
pre-liver. Evolutionists
would see a "benefit" to the pre-liver and would predict that
eventually all human beings who did not have the pre-liver would become
extinct. However, there
are many humans who would not need this new organ, the pre-liver. If a person doesn’t drink alcohol, doesn’t
take antibiotics, doesn’t eat contaminated grains, etc., they simply don’t need
the pre-liver. These people are equally
as healthy as the new species of humans, the “pre-liver species” of humans. They are equally likely to survive as the
pre-liver species. Evolution would not
be able to “favor” the new species when considering that all humans would not
need the new pre-liver to survive. Furthermore,
the "rest of us" would far outnumber the pre-liver species, thus it
would not be wise for them to try to eliminate the rest of us. Thus, the
world would consist of two distinct species of human beings. We could call them homo sapiens sapiens and homo
sapiens preliver. Before getting
married the husband and wife would need to know if they are of the same species
or they could not have offspring which could breed with anyone. Summary The point
to this discussion is to explain how incomprehensibly complex the technology
would need to be to create a single new organ by redesigning the DNA. Scientists today wouldn't have a clue where
to begin. But yet the
evolution establishment claims that the many thousands of unique varieties of
livers that have existed in different species of the past and present were easy
to create by a series of pure accidents!!
What utter and complete nonsense!! And the
various types of livers are just one problem for evolution to solve. Different types of hearts, for example, are
zero-defect organs. In the next
chapter the discussion on the pre-liver will continue with a discussion of how
evolution might create the pre-liver, or any other complex system. |